In south africa, maize was first introduced in 1655 and has since become one of the dominant food crops. South africas largest maize crop in history brand south. Rainy season characteristics of the free state province of. Maize is produced throughout south africa with free state, mpumalanga and north west provinces being the largest producers, accounting for approximately 84% of total production. Almost 90% of maize in south africa is produced under dry land condition and the remaining 10% is produced under irrigated conditions. See fuller discussion under local business environment heading. We evaluate the comparative productivity of maize and sugarcane biofuel feedstocks as. In proceedings of a workshop jointly organized by the association for the advancement of agricu1tur1 sciences in africa and the international institute of tropical agriculture. The aim of producing this cereal crop is to obtain high yields. Maize is the most important field crop in south africa comprising 45% of all arable land about 3. In 1904, south africa produced 328,000 tonnes of maize. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. Sa maize production figures vary from season to season, but generally about eight million tons of maize grain are produced annually in south africa on 3,1 million hectares.
Half of the production consists of white maize, for human food consumption. Almost 90% of maize in south africa is produced under dry land condition and the remaining 10 % is produced under irrigated conditions. Maize is produced throughout south africa with free state, north west and mpumalanga provinces being the largest producers, accounting for approximately 73% of total production. While this is factual, maize also has a long and rich history on the african continent that dates back to the 16 th century. Siq with additional data from agbiz grain on the regional boundary specifications created a software package based on an open source gis package qgis. Maize is produced throughout south africa with free state, mpumalanga and north west provinces being the largest producers, accounting for approximately 73% of total production. The yield of maize is expected to be just more than 15million tons, 101% higher than the 2016 crop, despite the drought. South africa will regain its status as a net exporter of maize this season. We believe that total maize exports could at least reach 2.
Half of this consists of white maize for human food consumption. Grains contribute significatnly to the agricultural sector in south africa. Maize farming is important for the south african economy because it is the bread and butter of thousands of commercial and smallscale farmers. Region 10 is griqualand west and region 11 is vaalharts in the north west. Performance of forage maize at high latitudes epsilon open. Although africa has some of the lowest maize yields in the world, it is not uncommon to expect between 2,000 to 4,000 kilograms per hectare. Regions 1 to 9 are winter rainfall areas and those regions fall under western cape, eastern cape as well as karoo. Solar radiation for photosynthesis varies by latitude and contributes to. This article gives a brief overview of the 20182019 marketing season for maize. The benefits of recent warming for maize production in high latitude. Lobell db 2010 robust negative impacts of climate change on african agriculture. South africa republic of agricultural biotechnology. Approximately 8,0 million tons of maize grain are produced in south africa annually on approximately 3,1 million ha of land. Modern maize is estimated to represent more than threequarters of maize area in kenya, zimbabwe, swaziland, lesotho, and south africa.
Maize production in rsa from 20072008 to 20172018 graph 2 3. Maize markets in eastern and southern africa food and. South africa grain market is projected to grow at a cagr of 5. Pdf m aize is the primary food staple in southern africa, and 50 percent of the total. Maize is the second most important cereal crop in the world in terms of acreage and is called the queen of cereals. Here are a few interesting resources and learning materials that will give you a headstart if youre seriously considering maize farming and production business in africa. South africa should return to being a net exporter of corn in the 201718 my and 201617 my on higher production after south africa had to import 2. According to crop estimates committee cec, the maize production in africa has increased by 6% during the 201819 cropping season, when compared to the previous cropping season. These were further followed by three troughs of 57,126 tons in 2009, 62,531 tons in 1995 and 59,000 tons. Who are the biggest buyers and consumers of maize in africa. We know that mealie meal is a staple across africa and is wellloved by its.
Although one of the largest maize crops in the history of south african farming will be harvested in 2010, farmers struggle with prices. Dryland wheat production in south africa is distinctive for its low average yield in. Adoption of improved seed has continued to rise gradually, now representing an estimated 44 percent of maize area in eastern and southern africa outside south africa, and 60 percent of maize area in west and central africa. Although production under irrigation in the summer rainfall region amounts to less than 15% of the total area cultivated locally, as much as 30% of the total wheat harvest is produced under irrigation due to the higher yield potential.
Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Maize, a warmweather crop, forms part of the daily diet as a staple food for human consumption and livestock feed in rural communities. South africa is divided into 36 grain production regions. South africa could harvest the second biggest maize crop. About 56% of this could be white maize, with 44% being yellow maize. Maize production in south africa has increased in the recent past. The free state province is situated between latitudes 26. The bottom most troughs was achieved in 2012 where production of maize was 16,788 tons, followed by two troughs of 49,125 and 48,9818 tons in 1976 and 1991, respectively. White and yellow maize production estimates were revised up by 2% and 4% from the previous estimates. Disaggregated by variety, production of white maize, which is mainly produced in western provinces and primarily utilized as food, declined by about 15 percent compared to the previous years level.
Application of artificial neural network for predicting maize. Maize in eastern and southern africa food and agriculture. South african maize corn description 5 south africa is the main maize producer in the sacu, with an average production of approximately 10 to 12 million tons per annum over the past ten years. Maize, also known as corn, is one of the most common and important food crops in south africa. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption peter ranum, 1 juan pablo penarosas. The united states remains the worlds largest producer with 42 percent of all maize produced globally. The most important countries from which south africa imported maize during the past three years were the united states, argentina and kenya. An overview of maize processing chemical composition of maize. We firstly look at the international prospects and there we see an anticipated drop in production with utilisation slightly up.
Understanding maize production part 1 farmers weekly. South africa stretches between the 22nd and 34th degrees of southern latitude and. The maize industry is an important earner of foreign exchange for the country through exports of maize and maize products. First pannar hybrids with a gm trait are sold in south africa i. In africa, maize production is continuously and severely affected by a number of threats, such as weeds. It is south africa s thirdlargest province with an area of around 129 825 km. The largest maize producers in western africa are nigeria and. One interesting remark from someone on twitter following my blogpost about south africa s sorghum production was that the crop is of african origin, but is now being displaced by other crops such as maize, which originated elsewhere. Assessing the comparative productivity advantage of. Our goal is to be the best maize meal manufacturers in africa.
In 2017, south african maize production was 17,5 million tons, an alltime record for the country. These trials form part of a national cultivar trial conducted in the major grain producing areas of south africa. History of maize production in south africa 1 min read. Production of yellow maize, which is mostly utilized as animal feed, decreased by only 7 percent on a yearly basis. It is both the staple food for the majority of the south african population and the major feed grain. Regions 1 to 9 are winter rainfall areas western cape, as well as the eastern cape and karoo where no commercial maize is produced. South africa exports maize mainly to japan, iran, kenya and venezuela. Approximately 1012 million tons of maize is produced in south africa annually on moreorless 2. Therefore, there is no risk of gene flow occurring between cultivated maize and wild relative populations in south africa. First released in 2001, bt maize now accounts for twothirds of the total south african white maize hectarage of. Pastpannar md deon van rooyen appointed as president of the international seed federation. It is closely followed by south africa, tanzania, kenya and uganda. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice.
Given the shortfall of national production as compared to an increasing demand. To achieve this we have installed the best infrastructure and are using the latest technology. There are 36 grain production regions in south africa. South africa s commercial corn crop is estimated at a historically high level of. South africa is currently the main maize producer on the african continent with most production concentrated in the north west province, the free state, the mpumalanga highveld and the kwazulunatal midlands. Pdf global maize production, utilization, and consumption.
Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Maize remains to be the most prominent field crop in the country. South africa republic of grain and feed update the. However, the production area of ge crops in south africa decrease in 2015 to approximately 2. Bt maize has been widely accepted by low resource farmers in south africa where bt white maize is used as a traditional food yellow maize is used for feed. Pannar enters the us market by acquiring the retail company kaystar seed. Moreover, south africa s smallholder or noncommercial farmers planted 755,366 hectares of maize in 193637 production season, and only harvested 218 000 tonnes, with poor yields of about 0.
Maize needs 450 to 600 mm of water per season, which is mainly acquired from the soil moisture reserves. Nigeria remains africas largest producer with nearly 8 million tons produced per annum. Do row spacing and plant density influence maize productivity under reduced tillage. Maize remains the staple food for many household diets in south africa, especially in rural communities. Maize meal manufacturers maize milling plant zimbabwe. Maize requires between 450mm and 600mm of water per season, mainly acquired from soil moisture reserves. Pdf climate variability and maize yield in south africa.
This ensures that we are giving our best to our clients. Maize production origin, maize global scenario maize production in kamataka maize production in the study area problems of maize production uti 1 ization pattern of maize marketing of maize farm gate price of maize b. This dissertation analyses market reform in the south african maize industry at two levels. The crop is produced in all the provinces of south africa, but the most significant producing regions are the free state, gauteng, mpumalanga and the northwest provinces, accounting for roughly 87 percent of overall production. South africa could expect its largest maize crop in the countrys history, said the crop estimates committee of the department of agriculture, forestry and fisheries daff. Overall, south african maize production underwent some extraordinary changes over the past century. No wild or weedy relatives of maize are present in south africa and cross. South americas maize market is projected to witness a cagr 4.
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